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Venango County, Pennsylvania

Coordinates: 41°24′N 79°46′W / 41.40°N 79.76°W / 41.40; -79.76
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Not to be confused with Venango, Pennsylvania.

Venango County
County
Venango County Courthouse
Venango County Courthouse
Official seal of Venango County
Seal
Map of Pennsylvania highlighting Venango County
Location within the U.S. state of Pennsylvania
Map of the United States highlighting Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 41°24′N 79°46′W / 41.4°N 79.76°W / 41.4; -79.76
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
FoundedSeptember 1, 1805
Named forNative American word for otter
SeatFranklin
Largest cityOil City
Government
 • CommissionersSamuel H Breene
Area
 • Total
683 sq mi (1,770 km2)
 • Land674 sq mi (1,750 km2)
 • Water8.6 sq mi (22 km2)  1.3%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
50,454
 • Density75/sq mi (29/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts15th, 16th
Websitewww.venangocountypa.gov

Venango County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2020 census, the population was 50,454.[1] Its county seat is Franklin.[2] The county was created in 1800 and later organized in 1805.[3] The county is part of the Northwest Pennsylvania region of the state.[a]

Venango County comprises the Oil City, PA micropolitan statistical area. It is part of the Pittsburgh and Erie media markets (with Erie channels available to Comcast subscribers in the area).

History

[edit]
Wells along Benninghoff Run in 1866
Drake Well Museum in Cherrytree Township

Shortly afterward, Rogers met oil pioneer Charles Pratt, who purchased the entire output of the tiny Wamsutta Oil Refinery. In 1867, Rogers joined Pratt in forming Charles Pratt and Company, which was purchased by Standard Oil in 1874. Rogers became one of the key men in John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust. Venango County was created on March 12, 1800, from parts of Allegheny and Lycoming Counties. The name "Venango" is derived from the Native American name of the region, Onenge, meaning Otter. This was corrupted in English as the Venango River.[4] The settlement at its mouth was likewise called Venango, which since March 3, 1871, has been the South Side of Oil City.

Venango County was home to an oil boom in the years following discovery of natural oil (petroleum) in the mid-1850s.

George Bissell, a Yale University chemistry professor, and Edwin L. Drake, a former railroad conductor, made the first successful use of a drilling rig on August 28, 1859, near Titusville. (Although Titusville is in Crawford County, the first oil well was drilled outside of town, less than a mile inside of the Venango County boundary) This single well soon exceeded the entire cumulative oil output of Europe since the 1650s. Within weeks, oil derricks were erected all over the area. Other oil boom towns located in Venango County included Franklin, Oil City, and the now defunct Pithole City. The principal product of the oil was kerosene.

McClintocksville was a small community in Cornplanter Township in Venango County. In 1861, it was the location of Wamsutta Oil Refinery, the first business venture of Henry Huttleston Rogers, who became a leading United States capitalist, businessman, industrialist, financier, and philanthropist. Rogers and his young wife Abbie Palmer Gifford Rogers lived in a one-room shack there along Oil Creek for several years beginning in 1862.

After joining Standard Oil, Rogers invested heavily in various industries, including copper, steel, mining, and railways. The Virginian Railway is widely considered his final life's achievement. Rogers amassed a great fortune, estimated at over $100 million, and became one of the wealthiest men in the United States. He was also a generous philanthropist, providing many public works for his hometown of Fairhaven, Massachusetts, and financially assisting helping such notables as Mark Twain, Helen Keller, and Dr. Booker T. Washington.

Perhaps in one of history's ironies, another resident of Venango County about the same time as Henry and Abbie Rogers was a little girl named Ida M. Tarbell, whose father was an independent producer whose small business was ruined by the South Improvement Company scheme of 1871 and the conglomerate which became Standard Oil. Introduced to each other in 1902 by their mutual friend Twain, Tarbell, who had become an investigative journalist and Rogers, who knew of her work, shared meetings and information over a two-year period which led to her epoch work, The History of the Standard Oil Company, published in 1904, which many historians feel helped fuel public sentiment against the giant company and helped lead to the court-ordered break-up of it in 1911.

The oil heritage of Venango County is commemorated by a Pennsylvania State Park and many heritage sites which help tell the story and memorialize the people of the oil boom of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Geography

[edit]
French Creek (left) meets the Allegheny River at Riverfront Park in Franklin.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 683 square miles (1,770 km2), of which 674 square miles (1,750 km2) is land and 8.6 square miles (22 km2) (1.3%) is water.[5] Venango County is one of the 423 counties served by the Appalachian Regional Commission,[6] and it is identified as part of the "Midlands" by Colin Woodard in his book American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America.[7]

French Creek is formed near French Creek, New York and extends for a length of 117 miles (188 km) with a drainage area of 1,270 square miles (3,300 km2). It joins the Allegheny River near Franklin. The watershed area includes parts of Erie, Crawford, Venango, and Mercer Counties in Pennsylvania as well as Chautauqua County, New York.

Adjacent counties

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18001,130—
18103,060170.8%
18204,91560.6%
18309,47092.7%
184017,90089.0%
185018,3102.3%
186025,04336.8%
187047,92591.4%
188043,670−8.9%
189046,6406.8%
190049,6486.4%
191056,35913.5%
192059,1845.0%
193063,2266.8%
194063,9581.2%
195065,3282.1%
196065,295−0.1%
197062,353−4.5%
198064,4443.4%
199059,381−7.9%
200057,555−3.1%
201054,984−4.5%
202050,454−8.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790–1960[9] 1900–1990[10]
1990–2000[11] 2010–2017[12]
Age pyramid for Venango County based on census 2000 data

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 57,565 people, 22,747 households, and 15,922 families residing in the county. The population density was 85 people per square mile (33 people/km2). There were 26,904 housing units at an average density of 40 units per square mile (15/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.64% White, 1.09% Black or African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.17% from other races, and 0.67% from two or more races. 0.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 43.9% English or Welsh, 12.5% were of German, 11.1% American, 9.9% Irish, 8.3% Scotch-Irish, 2.8% Dutch, 2.1% Italian, and 1.6% French ancestry.

There were 22,747 households, out of which 30.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.80% were married couples living together, 9.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.20% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 26.70% from 25 to 44, 25.10% from 45 to 64, and 16.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males.

2020 census

[edit]
Venango County Racial Composition[14]
Race Num. Perc.
White (NH) 47,117 93.4%
Black or African American (NH) 434 0.86%
Native American (NH) 68 0.13%
Asian (NH) 172 0.34%
Pacific Islander (NH) 10 0.02%
Other/Mixed (NH) 2,076 4.11%
Hispanic or Latino 577 1.14%

Micropolitan Statistical Area

[edit]
See also: List of micropolitan statistical areas

The United States Office of Management and Budget[15] has designated Venango County as the Oil City, PA Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA).[16] As of the 2010 U.S. Census[17] the micropolitan area ranked 9th most populous in the State of Pennsylvania and the 182nd most populous in the United States with a population of 54,984.

Law and government

[edit]
United States presidential election results for Venango County, Pennsylvania[18]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 18,883 70.44% 7,624 28.44% 302 1.13%
2020 18,569 69.81% 7,585 28.51% 447 1.68%
2016 16,021 68.09% 6,309 26.81% 1,200 5.10%
2012 13,815 62.07% 7,945 35.70% 497 2.23%
2008 13,718 58.42% 9,238 39.34% 525 2.24%
2004 14,472 61.17% 9,024 38.14% 163 0.69%
2000 11,642 56.68% 8,196 39.90% 703 3.42%
1996 8,398 42.96% 8,205 41.97% 2,946 15.07%
1992 8,545 39.64% 8,230 38.18% 4,779 22.17%
1988 11,468 56.60% 8,624 42.56% 171 0.84%
1984 13,507 59.44% 9,114 40.11% 104 0.46%
1980 11,547 56.04% 7,800 37.86% 1,257 6.10%
1976 12,270 57.58% 8,653 40.60% 388 1.82%
1972 13,991 67.28% 6,302 30.31% 501 2.41%
1968 12,323 56.14% 8,319 37.90% 1,307 5.95%
1964 9,873 42.89% 13,065 56.75% 84 0.36%
1960 17,193 68.01% 8,064 31.90% 23 0.09%
1956 17,107 75.31% 5,594 24.63% 14 0.06%
1952 17,006 72.16% 6,356 26.97% 204 0.87%
1948 11,920 67.97% 5,144 29.33% 472 2.69%
1944 14,916 68.91% 6,426 29.69% 304 1.40%
1940 17,728 71.90% 6,873 27.87% 57 0.23%
1936 17,676 64.12% 9,212 33.42% 677 2.46%
1932 12,230 64.07% 6,174 32.34% 684 3.58%
1928 17,450 79.00% 4,531 20.51% 108 0.49%
1924 10,841 74.29% 1,886 12.92% 1,865 12.78%
1920 7,718 65.71% 2,669 22.72% 1,359 11.57%
1916 3,856 40.98% 3,938 41.85% 1,616 17.17%
1912 1,660 18.26% 2,507 27.57% 4,925 54.17%
1908 4,868 49.73% 2,815 28.76% 2,105 21.51%
1904 5,892 57.33% 1,747 17.00% 2,639 25.68%
1900 5,931 52.75% 4,014 35.70% 1,299 11.55%
1896 5,133 49.82% 4,599 44.63% 572 5.55%
1892 4,099 49.31% 3,288 39.55% 926 11.14%
1888 4,424 50.49% 3,475 39.66% 863 9.85%

Venango County has long been predominantly Republican. Only twice since the Civil War has the county selected a Democratic presidential candidate, and only Lyndon B. Johnson in his 1964 landslide has gained an absolute majority for the Democratic Party. In 1984, Venango County actually voted fractionally more Democratic than the nation at-large due to hostility towards Reaganomics in industrial districts, and in the 1992 and 1996 elections it came within two points and one point, respectively of voting for Democrat Bill Clinton, but by 2016 Donald Trump had gained 68.1 percent to Hillary Clinton's 26.8 percent – figures which were long typical of the county.

Voter Registration

[edit]

As of February 21, 2022, there are 32,319 registered voters in Venango County [19]

Chart of Voter Registration

  Republican (58.37%)
  Democratic (28.41%)
  Independent (8.87%)
  Third Party (4.35%)

County commissioners

[edit]
  • Samuel H. Breene (Republican)
  • Ken Bryan (Republican)
  • Albert Abramovic (Democrat)

State Senate[20]

[edit]

State House of Representatives[20]

[edit]

United States House of Representatives

[edit]

United States Senate

[edit]

Economy

[edit]

Major employers

[edit]

Pennzoil and Quaker State left the Venango area for Texas. After leaving the area they merged and stopped refining oil. They now concentrate on retail oil and automotive additives produced for them by other companies. As of 2007, the two companies only exist as brand names after the company disappeared because of successive mergers.

With global crude oil prices touching US$100 in early 2008, long-dormant interest reawakened in Venango County's remaining oil reserves, 70% undrilled by one estimate. High prices make less accessible oil deposits worth extracting. For instance, a Canadian firm proposed drilling several large mines and allowing oil to flood the tunnels.[21]

Education

[edit]
Venango County, Pennsylvania public school districts

Public school districts include:[22]

These public school districts are only partially in Venango County:

Colleges and universities:

Transportation

[edit]

Airport

[edit]

Major highways

[edit]

Recreation

[edit]

Pennsylvania State Parks and Forests

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Attractions and tourism

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Communities

[edit]
Venango County, Pennsylvania with Municipal Labels showing Cities and Boroughs (red), Townships (white), and Census-designated places (blue)

Under Pennsylvania law, there are four types of incorporated municipalities: cities, boroughs, townships, and, in at most two cases, towns. The following cities, boroughs and townships are located in Venango County:

Cities

[edit]

Boroughs

[edit]

Townships

[edit]

Census-designated places

[edit]

Census-designated places are geographical areas designated by the U.S. Census Bureau for the purposes of compiling demographic data. They are not actual jurisdictions under Pennsylvania law. Other unincorporated communities, such as villages, may be listed here as well.

Unincorporated communities

[edit]

Population ranking

[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Venango County.[17]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2018 Census)
1 Oil City City 9,897
2. Cranberry Township 6,789
3 † Franklin City 6,231
4 Sugar Creek Borough 5,008
5. Cornplanter Township 2,316
6 Hasson Heights CDP 1,437
7 Woodland Heights CDP 1,726
8 Cherrytree Township 1,378
9 Seneca CDP 1,289
10 Pleasantville Borough 887
11 Polk Borough 826
12 Emlenton (partially in Clarion County) Borough 625
13 Rouseville Borough 523
14 Clintonville Borough 508
15 Cooperstown Borough 460
16 Kennerdell CDP 247
17 Barkeyville Borough 207
18 Utica Borough 189
19 Hannasville CDP 176

Notable people

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See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Includes Erie, Mercer, Crawford and Venango Counties

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Venango County, Pennsylvania". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ "Pennsylvania: Individual County Chronologies". Pennsylvania Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  4. ^ Donehoo, George (1995). "French Creek". Indian Villages and Place Names in Pennsylvania. Gateway Press. Retrieved January 24, 2007.
  5. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  6. ^ "About the Appalachian Region". Appalachian Regional Commission. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
  7. ^ Woodard, Colin (July 30, 2018). "The Maps That Show That City vs. Country Is Not Our Political Fault Line". New York Times. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
  8. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  9. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  10. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  11. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 11, 2015.
  12. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  14. ^ "P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Venango County, Pennsylvania".
  15. ^ "Office of Management and Budget – The White House". Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  16. ^ "Businesses that Received Forms in 2012: Pennsylvania - U.S. Census Bureau". Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  17. ^ a b CNMP, US Census Bureau. "This site has been redesigned and relocated. – U.S. Census Bureau". census.gov. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  18. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
  19. ^ "Voter Registration Statistics by county". dos.pa.gov. February 23, 2022.
  20. ^ a b Center, Legislativate Data Processing. "Find Your Legislator". The official website for the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
  21. ^ "As Oil Prices Soar, Prospectors Return to Pennsylvania". The Wall Street Journal. February 19, 2008. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved February 25, 2008.
  22. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Venango County, PA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 23, 2024. - Text list
  23. ^ "Siverly Populated Place Profile / Venango County, Pennsylvania Data". pennsylvania.hometownlocator.com. Retrieved November 29, 2018.
[edit]
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41°24′N 79°46′W / 41.40°N 79.76°W / 41.40; -79.76

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